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Flemish School. 16th century.
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Beschreibung
Flemish School. 16th century.
‘Mary as the Gateway to Heaven. Allegory of the examination of conscience to achieve a Good Death’.
Oil on panel. Accompanied by an imposing carved and gilded wooden frame.
92 x 70 cm.
Magnificent panel depicting the final moment of a human being lying in the centre of the bottom of the composition, taking stock of his good and bad deeds, the examination of conscience of his life; a prayerful reflection on his thoughts, words and actions in the light of the Gospel to determine how he may have sinned against God and others. The artist must have been familiar with the theology of the time, as taught by St. Ignatius of Loyola in his Spiritual Exercises, which taught: ‘at the end of the day, at the time of going to rest’ ‘to make a daily peaceful reflection on all that has happened [...] to find God in all things [...] even in those where God had apparently hidden himself’. 'The human conscience imagines its life at the ‘hour of eternal rest’.
The painter places Mary, the Gate of Heaven, at the centre, as the Mother of Mercy who always awaits with open hands on her heart. In Glory, the Holy Trinity awaits, God the reigning Father, the Suffering Son and the Holy Spirit who flies over everything and everyone. When contemplating this work, we see three differentiated levels, in which numbered phylacteries fly, like speech bubbles, which arrange the conversation. Above in the sky: Son (11) ‘PATER RESPICE VULNERA MEA...’ (‘Father, remember my wounds...’). And he also addresses his mother (14): ‘MATER MEA, FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘My mother, let it be done as you will’). God the Father (12) ‘VENIT TEMPUS MISEREN DIEORUM’ (‘The hour has come for the miserable days’).
The Father, who addresses the Virgin and calls her Daughter: ‘FILIA FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘Daughter, be it done as you will’). And the third from heaven is the Dove or Holy Spirit (1) ‘SPONSA FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘Bride, be it as thou wilt’).
On the second level, horizontally speaking, and in the centre, the Virgin responds with three phylacteries (8): ‘PATER RESPICIE IN FACIEM CHRISTI’ (‘Father receive and look at the face of Christ’), (9) ‘FILI ASPICE UBERA QUAE TE LACTAVERUNT’ (‘Son, look at the breasts that suckled you’), and (10) ‘S. Se. DEUS ECCE QUOS AMAS INFIRMANTUR‘ (’God, Holy among the Saints, strengthen those you love"). The angels on the left, over which he prays: ‘PER HANC NOS AD DEUM’ (‘Through these, we go to God’), ask their Queen (7): ‘IUUA PUSILLANIMES, MARIA ANGELORUM REGINA’ (‘Mary, Queen of Angels, look upon the fainthearted youth’).
On the right are saints and the Church: Saints Peter and Paul, Popes and Holy Fathers, and Saint Peter the Martyr, among others. Above them: ‘PER HANC DEUS AD NOS’ (‘Through these, God goes to us’), and they respond to their Mother: ‘SU COURE MISERIS SANCTORUM MATER’ (‘Merciful Mother of Saints, attend this tribunal with your heart’).
On the earthly level, rests the conscience, lying in the form of a sick human being, who speaks to the Virgin (2): ‘MARIA, TU AB HOSTES PROTEGE ET HORA MORTIS SUSCIPE’ (‘Mary, protect yourself from the enemy and listen to the hour of death’). To which she replies from heaven (16): ‘CONFIDITE FILII, EXAUDITE EST ORATIO NOSTRA’. (‘Son of trust, hear our prayer’). And St. Michael the Archangel, who is named, brandishes his sword over the devil, and says to him (17): ‘IMPERET TIBI DEUS’ (‘God will annihilate you’). And that devil, who is leaning over the recumbent, says (1): ‘PECCAMUSTIS NON SPERETIS VENIAM’ (‘You must sin, do not expect forgiveness’).
To the left of the couch, is an angel looking up and praying (5): ‘OCURRITE ANGELI DOMINI’ (‘Angels of the Lord, come’). To the left of his wing we read ‘STOS’ (‘he who remains standing’).
To the right of the sick man Saint John the Evangelist (‘PROTECTOR’, behind him, above the shield) cries out: ‘SUB VENITE SANCTI DEI’ (‘Saints of God, come to him’). Two saints pray with the sick man, a Carmelite and an Augustinian, behind whom ‘death breathes, symbolised by the caravel waiting patiently with its shining dart’. The sick man communicates that he has had only one thought, of the fear of God (‘TIMOR DEI’), his whole life rests on the theological virtues, Faith, Hope and Charity (pillows), rests on his good works, thoughts and words (‘BONAE OPERA, BONAE COGITATIONIS, BONAE LOQUTIONES’), and rests on the cardinal virtues (legs of the bed) Prudence, Justice, Fortitude and Temperance.
The devil, who stalks the dying man, sticks out from under his bed, which raised on a platform covered with a valance: ‘CONFUNDANTUR QUI ME PERSEQUNTUR ET NON CONFUNDAR’ (‘Those who persecute me will be confused, and they will not confuse me’); while the dying man prays and speaks to all: ‘MISEREMINI NOSTRI SALTEM VOS, AMICI NOSTRI’ (‘At least, you, our friends, have mercy on us’).
All this theological life ‘has a face, an owner, a face, a family’, represented by the heraldic shield on the right of the evangelist and beloved disciple, either the person who commissioned the work or its painter. A shield in gold, gules and black with a heart surmounted by the Holy Cross of Jerusalem with initials B, E, P, O.
Finally, we should note that an almost exactly similar panel, although not so dark in the background colour, with more light, with the same iconography, perhaps also by the same artist, is in the Pilgrimage Museum in Santiago de Compostela.
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Flemish School. 16th century.
‘Mary as the Gateway to Heaven. Allegory of the examination of conscience to achieve a Good Death’.
Oil on panel. Accompanied by an imposing carved and gilded wooden frame.
92 x 70 cm.
Magnificent panel depicting the final moment of a human being lying in the centre of the bottom of the composition, taking stock of his good and bad deeds, the examination of conscience of his life; a prayerful reflection on his thoughts, words and actions in the light of the Gospel to determine how he may have sinned against God and others. The artist must have been familiar with the theology of the time, as taught by St. Ignatius of Loyola in his Spiritual Exercises, which taught: ‘at the end of the day, at the time of going to rest’ ‘to make a daily peaceful reflection on all that has happened [...] to find God in all things [...] even in those where God had apparently hidden himself’. 'The human conscience imagines its life at the ‘hour of eternal rest’.
The painter places Mary, the Gate of Heaven, at the centre, as the Mother of Mercy who always awaits with open hands on her heart. In Glory, the Holy Trinity awaits, God the reigning Father, the Suffering Son and the Holy Spirit who flies over everything and everyone. When contemplating this work, we see three differentiated levels, in which numbered phylacteries fly, like speech bubbles, which arrange the conversation. Above in the sky: Son (11) ‘PATER RESPICE VULNERA MEA...’ (‘Father, remember my wounds...’). And he also addresses his mother (14): ‘MATER MEA, FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘My mother, let it be done as you will’). God the Father (12) ‘VENIT TEMPUS MISEREN DIEORUM’ (‘The hour has come for the miserable days’).
The Father, who addresses the Virgin and calls her Daughter: ‘FILIA FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘Daughter, be it done as you will’). And the third from heaven is the Dove or Holy Spirit (1) ‘SPONSA FIAT TIBI SICUT VIS’ (‘Bride, be it as thou wilt’).
On the second level, horizontally speaking, and in the centre, the Virgin responds with three phylacteries (8): ‘PATER RESPICIE IN FACIEM CHRISTI’ (‘Father receive and look at the face of Christ’), (9) ‘FILI ASPICE UBERA QUAE TE LACTAVERUNT’ (‘Son, look at the breasts that suckled you’), and (10) ‘S. Se. DEUS ECCE QUOS AMAS INFIRMANTUR‘ (’God, Holy among the Saints, strengthen those you love"). The angels on the left, over which he prays: ‘PER HANC NOS AD DEUM’ (‘Through these, we go to God’), ask their Queen (7): ‘IUUA PUSILLANIMES, MARIA ANGELORUM REGINA’ (‘Mary, Queen of Angels, look upon the fainthearted youth’).
On the right are saints and the Church: Saints Peter and Paul, Popes and Holy Fathers, and Saint Peter the Martyr, among others. Above them: ‘PER HANC DEUS AD NOS’ (‘Through these, God goes to us’), and they respond to their Mother: ‘SU COURE MISERIS SANCTORUM MATER’ (‘Merciful Mother of Saints, attend this tribunal with your heart’).
On the earthly level, rests the conscience, lying in the form of a sick human being, who speaks to the Virgin (2): ‘MARIA, TU AB HOSTES PROTEGE ET HORA MORTIS SUSCIPE’ (‘Mary, protect yourself from the enemy and listen to the hour of death’). To which she replies from heaven (16): ‘CONFIDITE FILII, EXAUDITE EST ORATIO NOSTRA’. (‘Son of trust, hear our prayer’). And St. Michael the Archangel, who is named, brandishes his sword over the devil, and says to him (17): ‘IMPERET TIBI DEUS’ (‘God will annihilate you’). And that devil, who is leaning over the recumbent, says (1): ‘PECCAMUSTIS NON SPERETIS VENIAM’ (‘You must sin, do not expect forgiveness’).
To the left of the couch, is an angel looking up and praying (5): ‘OCURRITE ANGELI DOMINI’ (‘Angels of the Lord, come’). To the left of his wing we read ‘STOS’ (‘he who remains standing’).
To the right of the sick man Saint John the Evangelist (‘PROTECTOR’, behind him, above the shield) cries out: ‘SUB VENITE SANCTI DEI’ (‘Saints of God, come to him’). Two saints pray with the sick man, a Carmelite and an Augustinian, behind whom ‘death breathes, symbolised by the caravel waiting patiently with its shining dart’. The sick man communicates that he has had only one thought, of the fear of God (‘TIMOR DEI’), his whole life rests on the theological virtues, Faith, Hope and Charity (pillows), rests on his good works, thoughts and words (‘BONAE OPERA, BONAE COGITATIONIS, BONAE LOQUTIONES’), and rests on the cardinal virtues (legs of the bed) Prudence, Justice, Fortitude and Temperance.
The devil, who stalks the dying man, sticks out from under his bed, which raised on a platform covered with a valance: ‘CONFUNDANTUR QUI ME PERSEQUNTUR ET NON CONFUNDAR’ (‘Those who persecute me will be confused, and they will not confuse me’); while the dying man prays and speaks to all: ‘MISEREMINI NOSTRI SALTEM VOS, AMICI NOSTRI’ (‘At least, you, our friends, have mercy on us’).
All this theological life ‘has a face, an owner, a face, a family’, represented by the heraldic shield on the right of the evangelist and beloved disciple, either the person who commissioned the work or its painter. A shield in gold, gules and black with a heart surmounted by the Holy Cross of Jerusalem with initials B, E, P, O.
Finally, we should note that an almost exactly similar panel, although not so dark in the background colour, with more light, with the same iconography, perhaps also by the same artist, is in the Pilgrimage Museum in Santiago de Compostela.
Allegories, Legends and Holinesses
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 170
Ort der Versteigerung
Conde de Salvatierra, 8
Barcelona
08006
Spain
Generelle Versandinformationen vom Auktionshaus verfügbar
The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
Wichtige Informationen
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Zu Aufgeld und Mehrwertsteuer prüfen Sie bitte das jeweilige Los.
AGB
CONDITIONS OF THE AUCTION:
I. REGISTRATION. To bid in the room customers must register at the beginning, filling out a form and picking a number that will identify them during the auction. Customers may be required to register in bank references or other guarantee system and if they do not prove the solvency "LST" will not accept bids and award the auction.
II. WRITTEN BIDS. "LST" will accept written bids, which will be formalized in the form provided by the room until the day before the auction. In such auctions, the room will bid in name of the client until the maximum stated in the offer and always at the lowest possible price. If there are two or more bids for the same amount, the one placed first will have the priority. Written bids received in advance, will have priority on the day of the auction.
III. TELEPHONE BIDS. "LST" will allow telephone bids, if interested people contact "LST" days before the auction providing personal data, ID card and the phone number which will be used by the staff of "LST" to call at the time of the auction. The buyer, within all the legal rights is making an offer for the asking price, when applies for telephone bid. "LST" will not take responsibility for any technical defects beyond its control, which may prevent to contact successfully the bidder during the auction.
IV. AUCTIONEER. The auction will be conducted by an auctioneer, director of the auction will be judge and arbitrator of it with full authority in its development, will award the lots to the highest bidder and is able to settle any controversy concerning lots sale, reject bids, divide lots or group them and remover objects from the room. Will be able to, if it is deemed suitable, not accept bids on the auction. His decision will be unappealable.
V. SALE OF LOTS. The lots are awarded to the highest bidder. Once the auctioneer blows the hammer, the buyer becomes responsible of the lot purchased, exempting "LST" of liability to for any damage and / or accidents that may occur. No refunds of lots.
VI. STARTING PRICE. The amount shown in the catalogue as the starting price for each lot will be, as a rule, the minimum selling price, except for exceptional cases where a reservation may be agreed upon with the seller or it set discretionary by the room.
VII. SCALE OF BIDS. The bids are set according to the following scale:
From 50.-€ to 200.-€…………………………………………..at 10.-€
From 200.-€ to 500.-€…………………………………… …25 in 25.-€
From 500.-€ to 1.000.-€………………………………..…..….50 in 50.-€
From 1.000.-€ to 2.000.-€………………………………..…100 in 100.-€
From 2.000.-€ to 5.000.-€……………………………….….250 in 250.-€
From 5.000.-€ to 10.000.-€…………………………………500 in 500.-€
From 10.000.-€ to 20.000.-€……………………………1.000 in 1.000.-€
From 20.000.-€ to 50.000.-€……………………………2.500 in 2.500.-€
From 50.000.-€ to 100.000.-€…………………………..5.000 in 5.000.-€
From 100.000.-€ to 100.000.-€………………………10.000 in 10.000.-€
From 200.000.-€ to 200.000.-€………………………25.000 in 25.000.-€
From 500.000.-€ to 500.000.-€………………………50.000 in 50.000.-€
VIII. RIGHT OF ADMISION. "LST" reserves the right to admission to the auction room and to reject, at its judgment, any purchase order, from clients whose solvency is not duly proved as well as not to sale auctions.
IX. SALE PRICES. The successful bidder of one or more lots must pay "LST" the final sale price achieves at auction, plus the 24,5 % plus 21% VAT on the commission, at total 29,64% on Hammer Price.
X. CATALOG DATA. The catalogue data are obtained in order to careful research and advice, however, any responsibility is afforded about its accuracy. The lots will be auctioned in the state in which they are, not accepting any claims in restorations, breakage, damage, imperfections and, even description or numbering mistakes in the catalogue, in case of it, being the burden of the buyers to make sure before the auction that the description matches with their personal opinion about respective lot. The exhibition of the lots is intended to allow a perfect review and study of them.
XI. PAYMENT AND REMOVAL OF LOTS. Payment and removal of the lots will be held no later than five days following the auction. After this period expire without having the buyer removed the lot or lots purchases, it will accrue an expense of custody of 6 euros per day on each lot.
15 days after the auction without having the buyer paid and removes the sold lots, "LST" will inform the seller and there will begin judicial proceeding in order to obtain payment. The delay in payment by the purchaser of his/her sold lots will carry an interest increase at a rate of 1,5% per month.
XII. DELIVERY OF LOTS. The purchase price includes the delivery of the lots in the venue of the auction. Transporting to other destinations is at the own risk of the client. The customer must contact "LST", to give the corresponding instructions for such transporting. "LST" is not responsible for the packaging or any accident incurred during transportation.
XIII. RIGHT OF FIRT REFUSAL AND REPURCHASE. "LST" in order to article 38 of "Ley 16/1985 de 25 Junio del Patrimonio Histórico Español" (BOE. 155 June 29, 1985), will notify in advance to the Ministry of Culture, the content of their catalogues. Concerning the lots subject to the legislation referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Administration may exercise the rights of first refusal and repurchase according to the law. "LST" will watch over the protection of Artistic, Historical and Bibliographical Heritage of Spain. For customers out of European Community, a tax for export is required by the Administration.
XIV. VALUE ADDED TAX (I.V.A). This tax will be accrued on commissions of "LST" for buyers, using the rates prevailing on the date of the auction.
XV. DATA PROTECTION. In order to the "Ley 15/1999 de 13 de Diciembre, de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal", the client authorize "LST", the inclusion of their data in a customer file, and for the promotion by "LST" of the objects at all times the rights of access, rectification or deletion of personal data by sending the appropriate request to the following address: LA SUITE SUBASTAS, C/ Conde Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Barcelona.
XVI. EXPRESS LEGAL JURISDICTION. These Conditions are governed by and interpreted in accordance with the rules of Spanish law. The mere act of participating in the auction as seller, buyer or bidder, implies acceptance of these Terms and Conditions.
Sales operations are understood to be held at the registered office of "LST", C/ Conde de Salvatierra, 8, 08006. Any dispute shall be taken to the competent courts of Barcelona, expressly waiving any other jurisdiction, in accordance with Article 55 of the "Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil".
