1433
WEDGWOOD JOSIAH: (1730-1795) English potter
1/3
Bitte, bestätigen Sie Ihr Maximalgebot
Sie sind dabei, ein Gebot in Höhe von EUR abzugeben.
Startpreis : EUR
Sobald Sie Ihr Maximalgebot bestätigt haben, erfahren Sie, wie es sich gegen andere Bieter verhält. Behalten Sie als Nächstes Ihren Posteingang im Auge, um festzustellen, ob Sie von jemandem überboten werden. Um die besten Gewinnchancen zu erhalten, loggen Sie sich ein, um zu Beginn der Live-Auktion zu bieten.
Aufgeld oder Transportkosten sind in Ihrem Gebot nicht enthalten.
Durch die Abgabe Ihres Gebotes bestätigen Sie, die AGB von lot-tissimo.com und des entsprechenden Auktionshauses gelesen und akzeptiert zu haben. Ein Zuschlag verpflichtet zum Kauf.
Bitte beachten Sie, dass Sie Ihre Gebote unter Mein Account, vor der Auktion bearbeiten können. Ihr Maximal Gebot kennen nur Sie.
Ihr Gebot weicht von den Bietschritt ab
Wählen Sie eine der folgenden Schnellgebotsoptionen:
Aufgeld oder Transportkosten sind in Ihrem Gebot nicht enthalten.
Durch die Abgabe Ihres Gebotes bestätigen Sie, die AGB von lot-tissimo.com und des entsprechenden Auktionshauses gelesen und akzeptiert zu haben. Ein Zuschlag verpflichtet zum Kauf.
Bitte beachten Sie, dass Sie Ihre Gebote unter Mein Account, vor der Auktion bearbeiten können. Ihr Maximal Gebot kennen nur Sie.
Beschreibung
WEDGWOOD JOSIAH: (1730-1795) English potter, entrepreneur and prominent slavery abolitionist. A rare L.S., Josiah Wedgwood, Chairman (of the General Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain), one page, folio, Great George Street (London), 6th June 1785, to James Hebden. Wedgwood writes, in full, ´I take the liberty of inclosing a copy of the Reolutions printed so as to shew what is omitted of the original ten Resolutions, and what has been added to them, & how they now stand in the House of Lords. From the first days debate in the house of Lords upon these Resolutions we may, according to appearances, promise ourselves a more impartial hearing than we have hitherto met with; and that their L[ordshi]ps will if applied to, modify some of the resolutions, which certainly bear too hard at present upon the British manufacturer. Indeed it is too evident, that whatever may be the object wished for by government in this treaty, the manufacturing interest is to be the sacrifice and price for that object. The committee will be glad to know if you wish them to continue their communications to you upon any future occasions. They will be glad to receive your instructions in this respect, as they would avoid being either troublesome or expensive where their correspondence may not be acceptable´. Accompanied by the (now detached) address leaf, incorporating a postscript to the verso by Wedgwood, and signed by him in the third person, ´Be so good to present this to Mr. Clapham with Mr. Wedgwood´s compliments´, and also dated at Great George Street, 6th June 1785, in his hand. The address panel to the recto appears to be in the hand of William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, and signed (´Free, Wm. Eden´) by him to the lower left corner of the panel. Some light age wear and minor staining, most evident to the address leaf which also has a small area of paper loss caused by the original breaking of the seal. About VG
In January 1785 Thomas Walker, a cotton merchant and political radical, and one of his associates were brought before the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations and questioned concerning Irish relations, in an effort to secure from them, without their knowledge of the object of the questioning, statements which would commit them to the policy later presented to the public in the form of the Irish Resolutions. Walker and his associate were later repeatedly confronted with quotations from their statements, and cross-examined, and treated in a manner which was characterised by a member of parliament as ´most scandalous´. By such methods the government defeated its own ends with respect to the Irish Resolutions as well as the cotton tax. Manchester manufacturers were needlessly embittered, and were forced to associate the government´s fiscal policy at home with its commercial policy toward Ireland. The Irish question, ever a thorn in the side, was rendered acutely piercing in the case of William Pitt´s government (1783-85). Pitt, recognising Ireland´s newly acquired legislative independence, was at once confronted with the problem of economic reorganisation. His policy, formulated in the so-called Irish Resolutions or Propositions, came from the Irish parliament for consideration in the English House of Commons in February 1785. According to Pitt´s own interpretation, his policy embraced two ´capital points´, namely, the admission of Ireland to participation in England´s colonial and foreign trade (with certain restrictions) and the mutual reduction of tariffs on manufactured goods to the rate in that kingdom where existing duties were the lower. The Irish Resolutions, like the cotton tax, encountered the fierce hostility of the newer manufacturers. Pitt himself, in his private letter of 6th January 1785, to the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, quite frankly admitted the probability of the shifting to Ireland of certain English industries in consequence of the Resolutions. The most important of the various arguments urged against the Irish Resolutions by the manufacturers was the contrast in the tax policies of the two kingdoms. Pitt himself admitted the force of the argument, first in private, and at length in consenting to the modification of the cotton tax. The vital connection between the Irish Resolutions and the question of taxation, particularly the excise laws, was set forth in the resolutions of Manchester manufacturers on 11th April 1785. Out of this situation, which gave to the manufacturers a feeling of common interest, arose the General Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain. This organisation was not limited to the new capitalistic manufacturers, but the initiative and the moving force were with them. The new capitalistic industries consisted in the main of three groups: Wedgwood´s Staffordshire potteries; the iron foundries and plants about Birmingham; and the manufacturing and printing of cotton centering at Manchester. The part played by Josiah Wedgwood seems to have been the result of his hostility to the Irish Resolutions. On 21st February 1785, he wrote to Matthew Boulton, saying that he intended to recommend the organisation of ´a Committee of Delegates from all the manufacturing places of England and Scotland to meet and sit in London all the time the Irish commercial affairs are pending´ and he was not without hope that such a body would be useful ´upon others as well as the present occasion´. Results were soon manifest. On 12th March, it was reported that ´manufacturers are assembling´ at London from various parts of the kingdom. A meeting had already been held in London, at the London Tavern, on 7th March. During the succeeding week, a committee was appointed, with Wedgwood as chairman. On 12th March this committee met and issued a call for another general meeting for 14th March. At the meeting convened on the 14th, there was organised a definite body to be called the Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain, and to consist of ´each member of a commercial committee, being a manufacturer´. It was resolved unanimously that the society ´do not cease with the present business´. At the various meetings of the Chamber, the chairmanship was held by different men. The chairman of the meeting of 14th March was Wedgwood, who, though not a member of the aristocracy, was nevertheless invested with a respectability denied to the more ´vulgar´ and less artistic textile manufacturers. The committee recommended that the Chamber promote, by means of circular letters and in other ways, the organisation of local bodies of manufacturers, whose common interests should find expression in the central body. To distinguish the local chambers from the national organisation, it was recommended that the word ´general´ be prefixed to the title of the Chamber (extracts from The Rise of the Great Manufacturers in England 1760-1790 by Witt Bowden, 1919).
Provenance: Formerly part of the collection of Ray Rawlins, author of The Guinness Book of World Autographs (1977) and bearing his small circular Collection label neatly affixed to the lower corner of the address leaf. Indeed, the signature on the present letter was used as a facsimile in The Guinness Book of World Autographs. The letter was also offered by Sotheby´s in their sale of the Rawlins Collection on 2nd, 3rd & 4th June 1980 (lot 873).
OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CAN NOT BE DISPLAYED - PLEASE CONTACT IAA EUROPE DIRECTLY FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
Auktionsdetails
Versand
AGB & Wichtige Informationen
Stellen Sie dem Verkäufer eine Frage
WEDGWOOD JOSIAH: (1730-1795) English potter, entrepreneur and prominent slavery abolitionist. A rare L.S., Josiah Wedgwood, Chairman (of the General Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain), one page, folio, Great George Street (London), 6th June 1785, to James Hebden. Wedgwood writes, in full, ´I take the liberty of inclosing a copy of the Reolutions printed so as to shew what is omitted of the original ten Resolutions, and what has been added to them, & how they now stand in the House of Lords. From the first days debate in the house of Lords upon these Resolutions we may, according to appearances, promise ourselves a more impartial hearing than we have hitherto met with; and that their L[ordshi]ps will if applied to, modify some of the resolutions, which certainly bear too hard at present upon the British manufacturer. Indeed it is too evident, that whatever may be the object wished for by government in this treaty, the manufacturing interest is to be the sacrifice and price for that object. The committee will be glad to know if you wish them to continue their communications to you upon any future occasions. They will be glad to receive your instructions in this respect, as they would avoid being either troublesome or expensive where their correspondence may not be acceptable´. Accompanied by the (now detached) address leaf, incorporating a postscript to the verso by Wedgwood, and signed by him in the third person, ´Be so good to present this to Mr. Clapham with Mr. Wedgwood´s compliments´, and also dated at Great George Street, 6th June 1785, in his hand. The address panel to the recto appears to be in the hand of William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, and signed (´Free, Wm. Eden´) by him to the lower left corner of the panel. Some light age wear and minor staining, most evident to the address leaf which also has a small area of paper loss caused by the original breaking of the seal. About VG
In January 1785 Thomas Walker, a cotton merchant and political radical, and one of his associates were brought before the Committee on Trade and Foreign Plantations and questioned concerning Irish relations, in an effort to secure from them, without their knowledge of the object of the questioning, statements which would commit them to the policy later presented to the public in the form of the Irish Resolutions. Walker and his associate were later repeatedly confronted with quotations from their statements, and cross-examined, and treated in a manner which was characterised by a member of parliament as ´most scandalous´. By such methods the government defeated its own ends with respect to the Irish Resolutions as well as the cotton tax. Manchester manufacturers were needlessly embittered, and were forced to associate the government´s fiscal policy at home with its commercial policy toward Ireland. The Irish question, ever a thorn in the side, was rendered acutely piercing in the case of William Pitt´s government (1783-85). Pitt, recognising Ireland´s newly acquired legislative independence, was at once confronted with the problem of economic reorganisation. His policy, formulated in the so-called Irish Resolutions or Propositions, came from the Irish parliament for consideration in the English House of Commons in February 1785. According to Pitt´s own interpretation, his policy embraced two ´capital points´, namely, the admission of Ireland to participation in England´s colonial and foreign trade (with certain restrictions) and the mutual reduction of tariffs on manufactured goods to the rate in that kingdom where existing duties were the lower. The Irish Resolutions, like the cotton tax, encountered the fierce hostility of the newer manufacturers. Pitt himself, in his private letter of 6th January 1785, to the Duke of Rutland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, quite frankly admitted the probability of the shifting to Ireland of certain English industries in consequence of the Resolutions. The most important of the various arguments urged against the Irish Resolutions by the manufacturers was the contrast in the tax policies of the two kingdoms. Pitt himself admitted the force of the argument, first in private, and at length in consenting to the modification of the cotton tax. The vital connection between the Irish Resolutions and the question of taxation, particularly the excise laws, was set forth in the resolutions of Manchester manufacturers on 11th April 1785. Out of this situation, which gave to the manufacturers a feeling of common interest, arose the General Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain. This organisation was not limited to the new capitalistic manufacturers, but the initiative and the moving force were with them. The new capitalistic industries consisted in the main of three groups: Wedgwood´s Staffordshire potteries; the iron foundries and plants about Birmingham; and the manufacturing and printing of cotton centering at Manchester. The part played by Josiah Wedgwood seems to have been the result of his hostility to the Irish Resolutions. On 21st February 1785, he wrote to Matthew Boulton, saying that he intended to recommend the organisation of ´a Committee of Delegates from all the manufacturing places of England and Scotland to meet and sit in London all the time the Irish commercial affairs are pending´ and he was not without hope that such a body would be useful ´upon others as well as the present occasion´. Results were soon manifest. On 12th March, it was reported that ´manufacturers are assembling´ at London from various parts of the kingdom. A meeting had already been held in London, at the London Tavern, on 7th March. During the succeeding week, a committee was appointed, with Wedgwood as chairman. On 12th March this committee met and issued a call for another general meeting for 14th March. At the meeting convened on the 14th, there was organised a definite body to be called the Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain, and to consist of ´each member of a commercial committee, being a manufacturer´. It was resolved unanimously that the society ´do not cease with the present business´. At the various meetings of the Chamber, the chairmanship was held by different men. The chairman of the meeting of 14th March was Wedgwood, who, though not a member of the aristocracy, was nevertheless invested with a respectability denied to the more ´vulgar´ and less artistic textile manufacturers. The committee recommended that the Chamber promote, by means of circular letters and in other ways, the organisation of local bodies of manufacturers, whose common interests should find expression in the central body. To distinguish the local chambers from the national organisation, it was recommended that the word ´general´ be prefixed to the title of the Chamber (extracts from The Rise of the Great Manufacturers in England 1760-1790 by Witt Bowden, 1919).
Provenance: Formerly part of the collection of Ray Rawlins, author of The Guinness Book of World Autographs (1977) and bearing his small circular Collection label neatly affixed to the lower corner of the address leaf. Indeed, the signature on the present letter was used as a facsimile in The Guinness Book of World Autographs. The letter was also offered by Sotheby´s in their sale of the Rawlins Collection on 2nd, 3rd & 4th June 1980 (lot 873).
OWING TO LIMITATIONS IMPOSED BY THE SALEROOM THE COMPLETE DESCRIPTION FOR THIS LOT CAN NOT BE DISPLAYED - PLEASE CONTACT IAA EUROPE DIRECTLY FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, MANUSCRIPTS & HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AUCTION
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 460
Lose: 520
Lose: 540
Ort der Versteigerung
El Real del Campanario
num.12 Bajo B
Estepona
Malaga
29688
Spain
IAA Europe offer an in house shipping service for the convenience of buyers. Lots are securely packed and shipped via courier with full tracking details which will be supplied upon despatch.
Your invoice will include postage, packing and insurance charges.
Wichtige Informationen
Day One - Lots 1 - 460 - The Collection of a London Gentleman Part IV (Entertainment autographs)
Day Two - Lots 461- 980
Day Three - Session I (12 noon CET) lots 981-1420 & Session II (18h CET) - ´The Creativity of Geniuses´ - lots 1421-1520
Bidding at the auction will be online only.
We offer an in-house shipping service to worldwide destinations.
AGB
Buyers Terms & Conditions
1. Interpretation
1.1. "Auctioneers" means " International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. "
1.2. "Catalogue" means the brochure relating to a sale (including any addendum thereto) and any other related documents and advertisements.
1.3. "Conditions" means these terms and conditions of sale
1.4. "Hammer Price" means the price at which a lot is knocked down by the Auctioneers to the Purchaser.
1.5. "Purchaser" means the person who purchases a lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.6. "Seller" means the person who is selling the lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.7. "VAT" means Value Added Tax.
2. Bidding
2.1. The highest bidder for each lot shall be the Purchaser of that lot.
2.2. No person shall be entitled to retract a bid. The Auctioneers reserve the right of refusing any bid without giving any reason and of altering, adding to, dividing, consolidating or withdrawing any lot or lots for sale.
2.3. The Auctioneers reserve the right to fix a reserve price for any lot at a figure no higher than the lower estimate.
2.4. The Auctioneers reserve the right to bid on behalf of the Seller on lots which are subject to a reserve price. The Seller shall not be entitled to bid where the Auctioneers have reserved such a right.
2.5. In the case of a dispute as to any bid the Auctioneers may immediately determine the dispute or put up the lot again at the last undisputed bid or withdraw the lot.
2.6. The Auctioneers will accept written commission bids free of charge from any person who is unable to attend the sale. Bids will also be accepted by telephone and fax at the sender's risk.
2.7. Lots will not normally be sold at less than two-thirds bottom estimate.
3. Payment
3.1. Each Purchaser shall give in his name and address and proof of identity (if required) to the Auctioneers at a sale and shall if required pay such deposit as the Auctioneers may specify.
3.2. The Purchaser shall pay the Hammer Price together with a premium of 30.25% on the Hammer Price (this amount includes VAT and must not be shown separately or claimed as input tax). By the making of any bid the Purchaser acknowledges that his attention had been drawn to this fact and that he assents to the Auctioneers receiving the said commission. A 25% premium will be payable by Purchasers outside the European Union (EU). Zero-rated goods such as books will be subject to a premium of 25% whether within or outside the EU unless entered by a VAT registered Seller.
3.3. Payments for lots must be made in cash, bankers draft or cheque guaranteed by the bank upon which it is drawn. Lots will not be released against cheques from Purchasers unknown to the Auctioneers until cleared by such Purchaser's bank. Payment is accepted by Visa and Mastercard. A surcharge of 3% plus VAT will be levied to accounts settled by credit cards for non EU buyers. Payment is also accepted by most debit cards with no surcharge.
3.4. Overseas clients are requested to settle accounts by USA Dollars or Sterling bank transfer (details upon request), by Euro cheques, by Visa or Mastercard (a surcharge of 3% plus VAT [clients outside the EU exempt from VAT] will be levied to accounts settled by this method) or if payment is made on personal accounts in foreign currency the client is requested to add the equivalent of a further €10 to cover bank conversion charges. The Auctioneer reserves the right to claim back from the Purchasers any shortfall due to bank charges or currency fluctuations on that account.
3.5. No lots will be released by the Auctioneers until receipt of payment in full from the Purchaser.
4. Risk
4.1. All lots shall be the sole risk of the Purchaser from the fall of the hammer.
4.2. The Purchaser shall take all lots in the condition in which he finds them. It is the responsibility of all intending Purchasers to satisfy themselves by inspection or otherwise as to the authenticity in the authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot.
5. Liability
5.1. Neither the Seller of any lot nor the Auctioneers make or give nor has any person in the employment of the Auctioneers any authority to make or give any representation or warranty in relation to any lot and any implied conditions or warranties are excluded.
5.2. All statements contained in the Catalogue as to the authenticity, attribution, genuineness, origin, authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot are statements of opinion only and are not to be taken as or implying statements or representations of fact. Lots are sold subject to all faults and errors in description or otherwise.
5.3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 5.1. and 5.2. of these Conditions in the event of a dispute as to authenticity of any lot(s) the item or items in question should be returned to the Auctioneers within 21 days of receipt by the Purchaser of such lot(s) together with a formal statement by a recognised expert The Auctioneers shall at their option and without admission of liability reimburse the price paid by the Purchaser in respect of such lot(s). This does not constitute an approval service.
5.4. Neither the Auctioneers nor the Seller shall be responsible for any loss, damage or injury occasioned to or sustained by any person on the premises before, during or after a sale save in respect of death or personal injury caused by negligence of the Seller or the Auctioneers.
6. Capacity of Auctioneers
For all purposes of a sale the Auctioneers shall be deemed to be the agent of both the Seller and the Purchaser and they shall not be considered responsible for any default on the part of either the Seller or Purchaser.
7. Delivery
7.1. Lots will only be released once payment in full has been received from the Purchaser.
7.2 An insurance charge of 1.8 % plus VAT will be applied to all invoices for packages sent from our offices
7.3. Postage is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU
7.4. The Auctioneers will provide full customs declarations on the Hammer Price plus the Purchaser's premium and Purchaser's shall be responsible for any customs charges made by the country of import.
7.5. A charge will be made for the packing & shipping of deliveries which is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU.
8. Auctioneers Remedies
In the event that the Purchaser fails to pay for any lot(s) in full pursuant to these Conditions then the Auctioneers shall be entitled:
8.1. to rescind the sale of the relevant lot(s)
8.2. to resell the lot(s) without further notice either by public or private sale and the deficiency (if any) arising from such second sale together with all charges and expenses relating to the same shall be the responsibility of the defaulting Purchaser and shall be recoverable as and for liquidated damages.
9. Jurisdiction
These Conditions shall be governed by Spanish law and the parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Spanish courts.
Online Bidding
International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. offer an online bidding service for bidders who cannot attend the sale, however please be advised that a charge of 3% + VAT is chargeable on all purchases made through any of the online bidding facilities offered.
In completing the bidder registration and providing your credit card details and unless alternative arrangements are agreed with International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L.
1. You authorise International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L., if they so wish, to charge the credit card given in part or full payment, including all fees, for items successfully purchased in the auction, and
2. confirm that you are authorised to provide these credit card details to International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. and agree that International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. are entitled to ship the goods to the card holder name and card holder address provided in fulfillment of the sale.
3. confirm that you accept that an additional charge of 3% + VAT will be applied to your invoice for use of an online bidding facility
