1425
PETER I: (1672-1725) One day after receiving word of Ukrainian ´ treason´ , Peter the Great orders t
Bitte, bestätigen Sie Ihr Maximalgebot
Sie sind dabei, ein Gebot in Höhe von EUR abzugeben.
Startpreis : EUR
Sobald Sie Ihr Maximalgebot bestätigt haben, erfahren Sie, wie es sich gegen andere Bieter verhält. Behalten Sie als Nächstes Ihren Posteingang im Auge, um festzustellen, ob Sie von jemandem überboten werden. Um die besten Gewinnchancen zu erhalten, loggen Sie sich ein, um zu Beginn der Live-Auktion zu bieten.
Aufgeld oder Transportkosten sind in Ihrem Gebot nicht enthalten.
Durch die Abgabe Ihres Gebotes bestätigen Sie, die AGB von lot-tissimo.com und des entsprechenden Auktionshauses gelesen und akzeptiert zu haben. Ein Zuschlag verpflichtet zum Kauf.
Bitte beachten Sie, dass Sie Ihre Gebote unter Mein Account, vor der Auktion bearbeiten können. Ihr Maximal Gebot kennen nur Sie.
Ihr Gebot weicht von den Bietschritt ab
Wählen Sie eine der folgenden Schnellgebotsoptionen:
Aufgeld oder Transportkosten sind in Ihrem Gebot nicht enthalten.
Durch die Abgabe Ihres Gebotes bestätigen Sie, die AGB von lot-tissimo.com und des entsprechenden Auktionshauses gelesen und akzeptiert zu haben. Ein Zuschlag verpflichtet zum Kauf.
Bitte beachten Sie, dass Sie Ihre Gebote unter Mein Account, vor der Auktion bearbeiten können. Ihr Maximal Gebot kennen nur Sie.
Beschreibung
PETER I: (1672-1725) Peter the Great. Tsar of all Russia 1682-1721 and Emperor of Russia 1721-25. A remarkable L.S., Peter, in Cyrillic, one page, slim 4to, St. Petersburg, 11th November 1723, to Count Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov. The Emperor demonstrates his autocracy and sends instructions to his correspondent (translated) ´After having heard about the case from Rumyantsev, call up Colonel Apostol, and Miloradovich as well, give them the letter (the copy is enclosed), and send them with it to St. Petersburg. To not let them escape, send some officers as if on some duty, so that they would come across them on the road. If it seems impossible [to organise] arrest them to not let them go...´. Annotated at the foot of the page, possibly in the hand of Ushakov, confirming receipt of the letter on 29th November 1723. An extraordinary letter by the Emperor, an absolute monarch who remained the ultimate authority and oversaw a well organised police state. Some light creasing and age wear, a vertical strip of dust staining to the right edge, only very slightly affecting the text and signature (which remain perfectly legible), some minimal stains to the margins and a few minor restorations to the corners, G
Count Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov (1672-1747) Russian General and politician, a companion of Peter the Great who served as General-in-Chief and head of the Secret Chancellery of the Russian Empire 1736-51.
Count Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev (1677-1749) Russian nobleman who served as an assistant to Peter the Great, acting as his spy chief and undertaking various diplomatic errands.
Danylo Pavlovych Apostol (1654-1734) Russian military leader and the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host from 1727-34. A prominent polkovnyk (colonel) with the Myrhorod Regiment, Apostol participated in the Russian campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. In the 1723-25 Cossack starshyna, Apostol was accused of being involved in the alleged mutiny plot of Hetman Pavlo Polubotok.
Mykhailo Miloradovich (c.1650-1726) Russian nobleman and colonel who had been recruited by Peter the Great to incite rebellion in Herzegovina against the Ottomans in 1710–11 during the Pruth River Campaign.
In 1722, Peter the Great established the Collegium of Little Russia, an administrative body of the Russian Empire in the Cossack Hetmanate, officially known as the Zaporizhian Host, which today corresponds to parts of central and southern Ukraine. Similar to Russia’s current rationalisation and goals for invading Ukraine, the Collegium consisted of six Russian military officers within the Hetmanate who functioned as a parallel government. It was responsible for securing the rights of local Cossack peasants against repression by Cossack officers. Peter introduced and enforced Russian laws and administration, mobilized the region's material resources for his Imperial needs, and structured the local judicial and financial systems to eradicate the region’s autonomy.
Cossacks were fiercely independent nomads who Peter used to further his military and political objectives in the region. However, Cossacks threw their support to Swedish King Charles XII, Peter’s enemy, at the decisive battle of Poltava in 1709 after their leader, Ivan Mazeppa, discovered he was to be replaced as acting Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host. Sweden’s defeat at Poltava inspired Mazeppa’s supporters to write The Treaties and Resolutions of the Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Army, considered ´The First Constitution of Ukraine ´. In 1722, Mazepa’s successor, Ivan Skoropadsky, who had supported Czar Peter at Poltava but fought for Ukrainian autonomy died as his country’s largest landowner.
One year later Peter decreed that following Skoropadsky’s death there would be no new elections for Hetman. The acting Ukrainian Hetman, Pavlo Polubotok directed several petitions to the Czar calling for Ukrainian independence, which led to a series of interrogations in September 1723. Peter ordered his spy chief, Count Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev, mentioned in the present letter, to investigate the Hetman’s activities and barely two months later, in November 1723, Polubotok was arrested for treason and imprisoned in the Petropavlovsk fortress, St. Petersburg’s citadel, where he died a year later on 29th December 1724.
One of Polubotok’s closest collaborators and a highly respected colonel, Danylo Apostol, was aware of Polubotok’s fruitless attempts to restore Hetmanate’s rights in Ukraine. Around October 1723, a month before the present letter, he initiated the so-called Kolomak Petitions while encamped above the Kolomak River, in Ukraine’s Kharkiv region, during a campaign against the Tatars. The petitions demanded the right to elect a new Hetman of Ukraine and to liquidate ´the martial law established in Ukraine by Peter I after his victory at the Battle of Poltava, the rule of the Collegium of Little Russia, and other restrictions on Ukrainian autonomy´. It was Apostol’s Kolomak Petition, supported by Polubotok, that led to the latter’s arrest.
In The Little Ukrainian Encyclopedia (1959) the scholar Yevhen Onatsky wrote ´For the petition, Apostol collected many signatures from the starshynas and Cossacks and sent them to the General Chancellery, but the Collegium of Little Russia issued a secret order not to allow any more [Ukrainian] ambassadors in St. Petersburg.....Then General Zhurakovsky secretly from the Collegium sent chancellor Iv. Romanovych with the Kolomak Petition to St. Petersburg. On 10th November 1723 he presented them to the Tsar when he was leaving the Church of St. Trinity. After reading those pages and seeing a large number of signatures, Peter I, with great anger and fury, ordered General Ushakov to immediately arrest and put Polubotok in the Peter and Paul Fortress, [with Apostol] and other Ukrainians who allied with Polubotok.....in the defense of Ukrainian rights and who seemed dangerous to Moscow´.
Apostol and Mykhailo Miloradovich, a colonel in the Hadiach regiment from 1715 until his death, who had also signed the Kolomak Petition, were imprisoned early in 1724, but after the Emperor´s death in 1725 they were quickly released.
The content of Peter the Great´s letter has been known to scholars of Russian history. Professor Clarence Manning (1893-1972) who headed Columbia University’s Department of Slavic Studies, notes in his book, The Story of the Ukraine, ´[Peter] also summoned Polubotok to St. Petersburg so that the Acting Hetman could be near the Tsar...[Polubotok had been] sending letters to Ukraine to tell the people how to act under the new investigations... Peter solved all problems by arresting and incarcerating him in the Fortress of Saints Peter and Paul in Petersburg together with Colonels Apostol and Miloradovich, who had been summoned also to the capital´.
A remarkable letter illustrating Russia’s early and historic intervention into Ukrainian affairs, repeated nearly exactly 300 years later by Vladimir Putin, whose heroic inspiration he has often proclaimed to the world is Peter the Great.
Auktionsdetails
Versand
AGB & Wichtige Informationen
Stellen Sie dem Verkäufer eine Frage
PETER I: (1672-1725) Peter the Great. Tsar of all Russia 1682-1721 and Emperor of Russia 1721-25. A remarkable L.S., Peter, in Cyrillic, one page, slim 4to, St. Petersburg, 11th November 1723, to Count Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov. The Emperor demonstrates his autocracy and sends instructions to his correspondent (translated) ´After having heard about the case from Rumyantsev, call up Colonel Apostol, and Miloradovich as well, give them the letter (the copy is enclosed), and send them with it to St. Petersburg. To not let them escape, send some officers as if on some duty, so that they would come across them on the road. If it seems impossible [to organise] arrest them to not let them go...´. Annotated at the foot of the page, possibly in the hand of Ushakov, confirming receipt of the letter on 29th November 1723. An extraordinary letter by the Emperor, an absolute monarch who remained the ultimate authority and oversaw a well organised police state. Some light creasing and age wear, a vertical strip of dust staining to the right edge, only very slightly affecting the text and signature (which remain perfectly legible), some minimal stains to the margins and a few minor restorations to the corners, G
Count Andrei Ivanovich Ushakov (1672-1747) Russian General and politician, a companion of Peter the Great who served as General-in-Chief and head of the Secret Chancellery of the Russian Empire 1736-51.
Count Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev (1677-1749) Russian nobleman who served as an assistant to Peter the Great, acting as his spy chief and undertaking various diplomatic errands.
Danylo Pavlovych Apostol (1654-1734) Russian military leader and the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host from 1727-34. A prominent polkovnyk (colonel) with the Myrhorod Regiment, Apostol participated in the Russian campaigns against the Ottoman Empire. In the 1723-25 Cossack starshyna, Apostol was accused of being involved in the alleged mutiny plot of Hetman Pavlo Polubotok.
Mykhailo Miloradovich (c.1650-1726) Russian nobleman and colonel who had been recruited by Peter the Great to incite rebellion in Herzegovina against the Ottomans in 1710–11 during the Pruth River Campaign.
In 1722, Peter the Great established the Collegium of Little Russia, an administrative body of the Russian Empire in the Cossack Hetmanate, officially known as the Zaporizhian Host, which today corresponds to parts of central and southern Ukraine. Similar to Russia’s current rationalisation and goals for invading Ukraine, the Collegium consisted of six Russian military officers within the Hetmanate who functioned as a parallel government. It was responsible for securing the rights of local Cossack peasants against repression by Cossack officers. Peter introduced and enforced Russian laws and administration, mobilized the region's material resources for his Imperial needs, and structured the local judicial and financial systems to eradicate the region’s autonomy.
Cossacks were fiercely independent nomads who Peter used to further his military and political objectives in the region. However, Cossacks threw their support to Swedish King Charles XII, Peter’s enemy, at the decisive battle of Poltava in 1709 after their leader, Ivan Mazeppa, discovered he was to be replaced as acting Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host. Sweden’s defeat at Poltava inspired Mazeppa’s supporters to write The Treaties and Resolutions of the Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Army, considered ´The First Constitution of Ukraine ´. In 1722, Mazepa’s successor, Ivan Skoropadsky, who had supported Czar Peter at Poltava but fought for Ukrainian autonomy died as his country’s largest landowner.
One year later Peter decreed that following Skoropadsky’s death there would be no new elections for Hetman. The acting Ukrainian Hetman, Pavlo Polubotok directed several petitions to the Czar calling for Ukrainian independence, which led to a series of interrogations in September 1723. Peter ordered his spy chief, Count Alexander Ivanovich Rumyantsev, mentioned in the present letter, to investigate the Hetman’s activities and barely two months later, in November 1723, Polubotok was arrested for treason and imprisoned in the Petropavlovsk fortress, St. Petersburg’s citadel, where he died a year later on 29th December 1724.
One of Polubotok’s closest collaborators and a highly respected colonel, Danylo Apostol, was aware of Polubotok’s fruitless attempts to restore Hetmanate’s rights in Ukraine. Around October 1723, a month before the present letter, he initiated the so-called Kolomak Petitions while encamped above the Kolomak River, in Ukraine’s Kharkiv region, during a campaign against the Tatars. The petitions demanded the right to elect a new Hetman of Ukraine and to liquidate ´the martial law established in Ukraine by Peter I after his victory at the Battle of Poltava, the rule of the Collegium of Little Russia, and other restrictions on Ukrainian autonomy´. It was Apostol’s Kolomak Petition, supported by Polubotok, that led to the latter’s arrest.
In The Little Ukrainian Encyclopedia (1959) the scholar Yevhen Onatsky wrote ´For the petition, Apostol collected many signatures from the starshynas and Cossacks and sent them to the General Chancellery, but the Collegium of Little Russia issued a secret order not to allow any more [Ukrainian] ambassadors in St. Petersburg.....Then General Zhurakovsky secretly from the Collegium sent chancellor Iv. Romanovych with the Kolomak Petition to St. Petersburg. On 10th November 1723 he presented them to the Tsar when he was leaving the Church of St. Trinity. After reading those pages and seeing a large number of signatures, Peter I, with great anger and fury, ordered General Ushakov to immediately arrest and put Polubotok in the Peter and Paul Fortress, [with Apostol] and other Ukrainians who allied with Polubotok.....in the defense of Ukrainian rights and who seemed dangerous to Moscow´.
Apostol and Mykhailo Miloradovich, a colonel in the Hadiach regiment from 1715 until his death, who had also signed the Kolomak Petition, were imprisoned early in 1724, but after the Emperor´s death in 1725 they were quickly released.
The content of Peter the Great´s letter has been known to scholars of Russian history. Professor Clarence Manning (1893-1972) who headed Columbia University’s Department of Slavic Studies, notes in his book, The Story of the Ukraine, ´[Peter] also summoned Polubotok to St. Petersburg so that the Acting Hetman could be near the Tsar...[Polubotok had been] sending letters to Ukraine to tell the people how to act under the new investigations... Peter solved all problems by arresting and incarcerating him in the Fortress of Saints Peter and Paul in Petersburg together with Colonels Apostol and Miloradovich, who had been summoned also to the capital´.
A remarkable letter illustrating Russia’s early and historic intervention into Ukrainian affairs, repeated nearly exactly 300 years later by Vladimir Putin, whose heroic inspiration he has often proclaimed to the world is Peter the Great.
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, MANUSCRIPTS & HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AUCTION
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 460
Lose: 520
Lose: 540
Ort der Versteigerung
El Real del Campanario
num.12 Bajo B
Estepona
Malaga
29688
Spain
IAA Europe offer an in house shipping service for the convenience of buyers. Lots are securely packed and shipped via courier with full tracking details which will be supplied upon despatch.
Your invoice will include postage, packing and insurance charges.
Wichtige Informationen
Day One - Lots 1 - 460
Day Two - Lots 461- 980
Dat Three - Lots 981 - 1520
Bidding at the auction will be online only.
We offer in house shipping to worldwide destinations.
AGB
Buyers Terms & Conditions
1. Interpretation
1.1. "Auctioneers" means " International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. "
1.2. "Catalogue" means the brochure relating to a sale (including any addendum thereto) and any other related documents and advertisements.
1.3. "Conditions" means these terms and conditions of sale
1.4. "Hammer Price" means the price at which a lot is knocked down by the Auctioneers to the Purchaser.
1.5. "Purchaser" means the person who purchases a lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.6. "Seller" means the person who is selling the lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.7. "VAT" means Value Added Tax.
2. Bidding
2.1. The highest bidder for each lot shall be the Purchaser of that lot.
2.2. No person shall be entitled to retract a bid. The Auctioneers reserve the right of refusing any bid without giving any reason and of altering, adding to, dividing, consolidating or withdrawing any lot or lots for sale.
2.3. The Auctioneers reserve the right to fix a reserve price for any lot at a figure no higher than the lower estimate.
2.4. The Auctioneers reserve the right to bid on behalf of the Seller on lots which are subject to a reserve price. The Seller shall not be entitled to bid where the Auctioneers have reserved such a right.
2.5. In the case of a dispute as to any bid the Auctioneers may immediately determine the dispute or put up the lot again at the last undisputed bid or withdraw the lot.
2.6. The Auctioneers will accept written commission bids free of charge from any person who is unable to attend the sale. Bids will also be accepted by telephone and fax at the sender's risk.
2.7. Lots will not normally be sold at less than two-thirds bottom estimate.
3. Payment
3.1. Each Purchaser shall give in his name and address and proof of identity (if required) to the Auctioneers at a sale and shall if required pay such deposit as the Auctioneers may specify.
3.2. The Purchaser shall pay the Hammer Price together with a premium of 30.25% on the Hammer Price (this amount includes VAT and must not be shown separately or claimed as input tax). By the making of any bid the Purchaser acknowledges that his attention had been drawn to this fact and that he assents to the Auctioneers receiving the said commission. A 25% premium will be payable by Purchasers outside the European Union (EU). Zero-rated goods such as books will be subject to a premium of 25% whether within or outside the EU unless entered by a VAT registered Seller.
3.3. Payments for lots must be made in cash, bankers draft or cheque guaranteed by the bank upon which it is drawn. Lots will not be released against cheques from Purchasers unknown to the Auctioneers until cleared by such Purchaser's bank. Payment is accepted by Visa and Mastercard. A surcharge of 3% plus VAT will be levied to accounts settled by credit cards for non EU buyers. Payment is also accepted by most debit cards with no surcharge.
3.4. Overseas clients are requested to settle accounts by USA Dollars or Sterling bank transfer (details upon request), by Euro cheques, by Visa or Mastercard (a surcharge of 3% plus VAT [clients outside the EU exempt from VAT] will be levied to accounts settled by this method) or if payment is made on personal accounts in foreign currency the client is requested to add the equivalent of a further €10 to cover bank conversion charges. The Auctioneer reserves the right to claim back from the Purchasers any shortfall due to bank charges or currency fluctuations on that account.
3.5. No lots will be released by the Auctioneers until receipt of payment in full from the Purchaser.
4. Risk
4.1. All lots shall be the sole risk of the Purchaser from the fall of the hammer.
4.2. The Purchaser shall take all lots in the condition in which he finds them. It is the responsibility of all intending Purchasers to satisfy themselves by inspection or otherwise as to the authenticity in the authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot.
5. Liability
5.1. Neither the Seller of any lot nor the Auctioneers make or give nor has any person in the employment of the Auctioneers any authority to make or give any representation or warranty in relation to any lot and any implied conditions or warranties are excluded.
5.2. All statements contained in the Catalogue as to the authenticity, attribution, genuineness, origin, authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot are statements of opinion only and are not to be taken as or implying statements or representations of fact. Lots are sold subject to all faults and errors in description or otherwise.
5.3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 5.1. and 5.2. of these Conditions in the event of a dispute as to authenticity of any lot(s) the item or items in question should be returned to the Auctioneers within 21 days of receipt by the Purchaser of such lot(s) together with a formal statement by a recognised expert The Auctioneers shall at their option and without admission of liability reimburse the price paid by the Purchaser in respect of such lot(s). This does not constitute an approval service.
5.4. Neither the Auctioneers nor the Seller shall be responsible for any loss, damage or injury occasioned to or sustained by any person on the premises before, during or after a sale save in respect of death or personal injury caused by negligence of the Seller or the Auctioneers.
6. Capacity of Auctioneers
For all purposes of a sale the Auctioneers shall be deemed to be the agent of both the Seller and the Purchaser and they shall not be considered responsible for any default on the part of either the Seller or Purchaser.
7. Delivery
7.1. Lots will only be released once payment in full has been received from the Purchaser.
7.2 An insurance charge of 1.8 % plus VAT will be applied to all invoices for packages sent from our offices
7.3. Postage is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU
7.4. The Auctioneers will provide full customs declarations on the Hammer Price plus the Purchaser's premium and Purchaser's shall be responsible for any customs charges made by the country of import.
7.5. A charge will be made for the packing & shipping of deliveries which is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU.
8. Auctioneers Remedies
In the event that the Purchaser fails to pay for any lot(s) in full pursuant to these Conditions then the Auctioneers shall be entitled:
8.1. to rescind the sale of the relevant lot(s)
8.2. to resell the lot(s) without further notice either by public or private sale and the deficiency (if any) arising from such second sale together with all charges and expenses relating to the same shall be the responsibility of the defaulting Purchaser and shall be recoverable as and for liquidated damages.
9. Jurisdiction
These Conditions shall be governed by Spanish law and the parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Spanish courts.
Online Bidding
International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. offer an online bidding service for bidders who cannot attend the sale, however please be advised that a charge of 3% + VAT is chargeable on all purchases made through any of the online bidding facilities offered.
In completing the bidder registration and providing your credit card details and unless alternative arrangements are agreed with International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L.
1. You authorise International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L., if they so wish, to charge the credit card given in part or full payment, including all fees, for items successfully purchased in the auction, and
2. confirm that you are authorised to provide these credit card details to International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. and agree that International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. are entitled to ship the goods to the card holder name and card holder address provided in fulfillment of the sale.
3. confirm that you accept that an additional charge of 3% + VAT will be applied to your invoice for use of an online bidding facility
