416
OPPENHEIMER J.
Beschreibung
Oppenheimer, ‘father of the atomic bomb’, gives his most evocative and accurate assessment ever of the evolution of nuclear weapons, illustrating incredible foresight for the future use of the weapon he created that could ultimately destroy the world and human race -‘If they are ever used again, it may well be by the thousand or perhaps by the tens of thousands; their method of delivery may well be different and may reflect new possibilities of interception and the strategy of their use may well be different from what it was against an essentially defeated enemy. But it is a weapon for aggressors and the element of surprise and of terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.’ OPPENHEIMER J. ROBERT: (1904-1967) American theoretical physicist, credited as 'the father of the atomic bomb', The director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, Oppenheimer is the inspiration for the film Oppenheimer (2023) in which he is portrayed by actor Cillian Murphy. An important and significant T.L.S., Oppie, one page, 4to, Princeton, New Jersey, 16th April 1952, to Stephen White of Look magazine, on the printed stationery of the Institute for Advanced Study. Oppenheimer writes to his friend, journalist Stephen White, to thank him for having sent the proof of his article, Russia's Newest Threat: A-Bomb Supremacy, evidently following discussions the two man had engaged in, 'As you say, it is quite along the lines that you discussed with me…..I think that you probably pull the dangers up a little too close in time; and many of the things you say, I do not myself believe to be strictly true. But, like all your friends, I add a “print it”, with the general feeling that you are talking about real things and talking about them in a reasonable way, and that this desperately needs to be done', the physicist continuing to add 'There are a number of reasons - - some developed since I saw you - - why I am reluctant to appear to be a part of just this story. I want to be very sure that I cry no wolves that are not genuine wolves' and further offering White a shrewd quotation that could incorporated into his article, 'I have thought that I wrote something long ago which you can perhaps use. This was in the autumn of 1945 in Philadelphia…..It was published in No. 1 of Vol. 90 of the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. The sentence that I think you might wish to quote is “If they are ever used again it may well be by the thousands, or perhaps by tens of thousands”. The rest of the paragraph is: “their method of delivery may well be different and may reflect new possibilities of interception, and the strategy of their use may well be different from what it was against an essentially defeated enemy. But it is a weapon for aggressors, and the elements of surprise and of terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.”, concluding 'I do not know whether this will help; but it is meant to be helpful'. A letter of truly remarkable content in which Oppenheimer demonstrates extraordinary foresight for the future use of the atomic bomb. VG Stephen White's article Russia's Newest Threat: A-Bomb Supremacy appeared in the 3rd June 1952 issue of Look magazine. It was deemed important enough by the American House of Representatives that Melvin Price, representative from Illinois from 1945-88, and later chairman of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, had the full article contained in the Congressional Records in order to substantiate, and provide additional support to, Henry M. Jackson's address to the House of Representatives 'on the urgent question of maintaining [America's] atomic supremacy and of holding Russian aggression in check'. White's competently argued article, written in private consultation with Oppenheimer and others, warns of the grave problem facing America from Russia ('the weapon is being turned against us') and informs the reader that 'This reporter has asked blunt questions about the new state of affairs. He asked them even though he knew that no responsible official would give him a direct answer. The law forbids talking for the record. But there was one significant comment each time. When he described the story he planned to write, he was invariably told grimly, “Print it”.' In August 1949, earlier than the Americans had anticipated, the Soviet Union carried out their first atomic bomb test. At this time Oppenheimer was chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission (created in 1947), a post he would remain in until August 1952, just months after writing the present letter. As chairman of the GAC Oppenheimer argued against the development of a more powerful nuclear fusion-based hydrogen bomb, warning of the enormous human casualties that would result from its use. Nevertheless, American president Harry S. Truman made the decision, in January 1950, to proceed with the development of the weapon, a decision which Oppenheimer officially acceded to despite his views on the hydrogen bomb being well known. After leaving the General Advisory Committee in 1952, Oppenheimer chaired the State Department Panel of Consultants on Disarmament which urged that the United States postpone its planned first test of the hydrogen bomb and seek a thermonuclear test ban with the Soviet Union, on the grounds that avoiding a test might forestall the development of a catastrophic new weapon and open the way for new arms agreements between the two nations.
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Oppenheimer, ‘father of the atomic bomb’, gives his most evocative and accurate assessment ever of the evolution of nuclear weapons, illustrating incredible foresight for the future use of the weapon he created that could ultimately destroy the world and human race -‘If they are ever used again, it may well be by the thousand or perhaps by the tens of thousands; their method of delivery may well be different and may reflect new possibilities of interception and the strategy of their use may well be different from what it was against an essentially defeated enemy. But it is a weapon for aggressors and the element of surprise and of terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.’ OPPENHEIMER J. ROBERT: (1904-1967) American theoretical physicist, credited as 'the father of the atomic bomb', The director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II, Oppenheimer is the inspiration for the film Oppenheimer (2023) in which he is portrayed by actor Cillian Murphy. An important and significant T.L.S., Oppie, one page, 4to, Princeton, New Jersey, 16th April 1952, to Stephen White of Look magazine, on the printed stationery of the Institute for Advanced Study. Oppenheimer writes to his friend, journalist Stephen White, to thank him for having sent the proof of his article, Russia's Newest Threat: A-Bomb Supremacy, evidently following discussions the two man had engaged in, 'As you say, it is quite along the lines that you discussed with me…..I think that you probably pull the dangers up a little too close in time; and many of the things you say, I do not myself believe to be strictly true. But, like all your friends, I add a “print it”, with the general feeling that you are talking about real things and talking about them in a reasonable way, and that this desperately needs to be done', the physicist continuing to add 'There are a number of reasons - - some developed since I saw you - - why I am reluctant to appear to be a part of just this story. I want to be very sure that I cry no wolves that are not genuine wolves' and further offering White a shrewd quotation that could incorporated into his article, 'I have thought that I wrote something long ago which you can perhaps use. This was in the autumn of 1945 in Philadelphia…..It was published in No. 1 of Vol. 90 of the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. The sentence that I think you might wish to quote is “If they are ever used again it may well be by the thousands, or perhaps by tens of thousands”. The rest of the paragraph is: “their method of delivery may well be different and may reflect new possibilities of interception, and the strategy of their use may well be different from what it was against an essentially defeated enemy. But it is a weapon for aggressors, and the elements of surprise and of terror are as intrinsic to it as are the fissionable nuclei.”, concluding 'I do not know whether this will help; but it is meant to be helpful'. A letter of truly remarkable content in which Oppenheimer demonstrates extraordinary foresight for the future use of the atomic bomb. VG Stephen White's article Russia's Newest Threat: A-Bomb Supremacy appeared in the 3rd June 1952 issue of Look magazine. It was deemed important enough by the American House of Representatives that Melvin Price, representative from Illinois from 1945-88, and later chairman of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, had the full article contained in the Congressional Records in order to substantiate, and provide additional support to, Henry M. Jackson's address to the House of Representatives 'on the urgent question of maintaining [America's] atomic supremacy and of holding Russian aggression in check'. White's competently argued article, written in private consultation with Oppenheimer and others, warns of the grave problem facing America from Russia ('the weapon is being turned against us') and informs the reader that 'This reporter has asked blunt questions about the new state of affairs. He asked them even though he knew that no responsible official would give him a direct answer. The law forbids talking for the record. But there was one significant comment each time. When he described the story he planned to write, he was invariably told grimly, “Print it”.' In August 1949, earlier than the Americans had anticipated, the Soviet Union carried out their first atomic bomb test. At this time Oppenheimer was chairman of the General Advisory Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission (created in 1947), a post he would remain in until August 1952, just months after writing the present letter. As chairman of the GAC Oppenheimer argued against the development of a more powerful nuclear fusion-based hydrogen bomb, warning of the enormous human casualties that would result from its use. Nevertheless, American president Harry S. Truman made the decision, in January 1950, to proceed with the development of the weapon, a decision which Oppenheimer officially acceded to despite his views on the hydrogen bomb being well known. After leaving the General Advisory Committee in 1952, Oppenheimer chaired the State Department Panel of Consultants on Disarmament which urged that the United States postpone its planned first test of the hydrogen bomb and seek a thermonuclear test ban with the Soviet Union, on the grounds that avoiding a test might forestall the development of a catastrophic new weapon and open the way for new arms agreements between the two nations.
AUTOGRAPH LETTERS, MANUSCRIPTS & HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS AUCTION
Auktionsdatum
Lose: 450
Lose: 400
Ort der Versteigerung
El Real del Campanario
num.12 Bajo B
Estepona
Malaga
29688
Spain
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In the majority of cases buyers from the United Kingdom will receive their packages via the Royal Mail from within England.
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Day One - Lots 1 - 450
Day Two - Lots 451- 850
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1. Interpretation
1.1. "Auctioneers" means " International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. "
1.2. "Catalogue" means the brochure relating to a sale (including any addendum thereto) and any other related documents and advertisements.
1.3. "Conditions" means these terms and conditions of sale
1.4. "Hammer Price" means the price at which a lot is knocked down by the Auctioneers to the Purchaser.
1.5. "Purchaser" means the person who purchases a lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.6. "Seller" means the person who is selling the lot or lots pursuant to these conditions.
1.7. "VAT" means Value Added Tax.
2. Bidding
2.1. The highest bidder for each lot shall be the Purchaser of that lot.
2.2. No person shall be entitled to retract a bid. The Auctioneers reserve the right of refusing any bid without giving any reason and of altering, adding to, dividing, consolidating or withdrawing any lot or lots for sale.
2.3. The Auctioneers reserve the right to fix a reserve price for any lot at a figure no higher than the lower estimate.
2.4. The Auctioneers reserve the right to bid on behalf of the Seller on lots which are subject to a reserve price. The Seller shall not be entitled to bid where the Auctioneers have reserved such a right.
2.5. In the case of a dispute as to any bid the Auctioneers may immediately determine the dispute or put up the lot again at the last undisputed bid or withdraw the lot.
2.6. The Auctioneers will accept written commission bids free of charge from any person who is unable to attend the sale. Bids will also be accepted by telephone and fax at the sender's risk.
2.7. Lots will not normally be sold at less than two-thirds bottom estimate.
3. Payment
3.1. Each Purchaser shall give in his name and address and proof of identity (if required) to the Auctioneers at a sale and shall if required pay such deposit as the Auctioneers may specify.
3.2. The Purchaser shall pay the Hammer Price together with a premium of 30.25% on the Hammer Price (this amount includes VAT and must not be shown separately or claimed as input tax). By the making of any bid the Purchaser acknowledges that his attention had been drawn to this fact and that he assents to the Auctioneers receiving the said commission. A 25% premium will be payable by Purchasers outside the European Union (EU). Zero-rated goods such as books will be subject to a premium of 25% whether within or outside the EU unless entered by a VAT registered Seller.
3.3. Payments for lots must be made in cash, bankers draft or cheque guaranteed by the bank upon which it is drawn. Lots will not be released against cheques from Purchasers unknown to the Auctioneers until cleared by such Purchaser's bank. Payment is accepted by Visa and Mastercard. A surcharge of 3% plus VAT will be levied to accounts settled by credit cards for non EU buyers. Payment is also accepted by most debit cards with no surcharge.
3.4. Overseas clients are requested to settle accounts by USA Dollars or Sterling bank transfer (details upon request), by Euro cheques, by Visa or Mastercard (a surcharge of 3% plus VAT [clients outside the EU exempt from VAT] will be levied to accounts settled by this method) or if payment is made on personal accounts in foreign currency the client is requested to add the equivalent of a further €10 to cover bank conversion charges. The Auctioneer reserves the right to claim back from the Purchasers any shortfall due to bank charges or currency fluctuations on that account.
3.5. No lots will be released by the Auctioneers until receipt of payment in full from the Purchaser.
4. Risk
4.1. All lots shall be the sole risk of the Purchaser from the fall of the hammer.
4.2. The Purchaser shall take all lots in the condition in which he finds them. It is the responsibility of all intending Purchasers to satisfy themselves by inspection or otherwise as to the authenticity in the authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot.
5. Liability
5.1. Neither the Seller of any lot nor the Auctioneers make or give nor has any person in the employment of the Auctioneers any authority to make or give any representation or warranty in relation to any lot and any implied conditions or warranties are excluded.
5.2. All statements contained in the Catalogue as to the authenticity, attribution, genuineness, origin, authorship, date, age, period, condition or quality of any lot are statements of opinion only and are not to be taken as or implying statements or representations of fact. Lots are sold subject to all faults and errors in description or otherwise.
5.3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 5.1. and 5.2. of these Conditions in the event of a dispute as to authenticity of any lot(s) the item or items in question should be returned to the Auctioneers within 21 days of receipt by the Purchaser of such lot(s) together with a formal statement by a recognised expert The Auctioneers shall at their option and without admission of liability reimburse the price paid by the Purchaser in respect of such lot(s). This does not constitute an approval service.
5.4. Neither the Auctioneers nor the Seller shall be responsible for any loss, damage or injury occasioned to or sustained by any person on the premises before, during or after a sale save in respect of death or personal injury caused by negligence of the Seller or the Auctioneers.
6. Capacity of Auctioneers
For all purposes of a sale the Auctioneers shall be deemed to be the agent of both the Seller and the Purchaser and they shall not be considered responsible for any default on the part of either the Seller or Purchaser.
7. Delivery
7.1. Lots will only be released once payment in full has been received from the Purchaser.
7.2 An insurance charge of 1.8 % plus VAT will be applied to all invoices for packages sent from our offices
7.3. Postage is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU
7.4. The Auctioneers will provide full customs declarations on the Hammer Price plus the Purchaser's premium and Purchaser's shall be responsible for any customs charges made by the country of import.
7.5. A charge will be made for the packing & shipping of deliveries which is subject to VAT at 21% within the EU.
8. Auctioneers Remedies
In the event that the Purchaser fails to pay for any lot(s) in full pursuant to these Conditions then the Auctioneers shall be entitled:
8.1. to rescind the sale of the relevant lot(s)
8.2. to resell the lot(s) without further notice either by public or private sale and the deficiency (if any) arising from such second sale together with all charges and expenses relating to the same shall be the responsibility of the defaulting Purchaser and shall be recoverable as and for liquidated damages.
9. Jurisdiction
These Conditions shall be governed by Spanish law and the parties submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Spanish courts.
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International Autograph Auctions Europe S.L. offer an online bidding service for bidders who cannot attend the sale, however please be advised that a charge of 3% + VAT is chargeable on all purchases made through any of the online bidding facilities offered.
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